Minggu, 03 Oktober 2010

Tugas-Research Methodology - PTK

Classroom Action Research

I. Purposes/Reasons why doing Classroom Action Research (CAR)
We may ask why it is CAR that we do in certain research. For what reasons? What do teachers get from CAR?
        Teachers, every day involved in learning process, must have the answers for the above questions. They directly see and face some problems while they are in learning process. They can, by themselves, identify many possible problems that could be a barrier to a successful learning process in their class.
Hence, CAR is conducted for a classroom problem solving. There are two main problems that can be solved through CAR:
        1. Problems with students’ achievements (cognitive)
Problems with achievement can be problems with students’ mental or intellectual skills towards the material given to them. They or some of them cannot understand the materials. Teachers are to diagnose these problems to be researched through CAR.
        2. problems with students’ attitudes (affective)
Beside students’ achievement, their attitudes (behaviors) are also a big problem to a successful learning process in a class. Some students may be lazy, some are bored while learning, and some may be uninterested in the materials given by teachers in class and many other problems with their attitude which affect the effectiveness in a learning process.

There are many positive effects for teachers by conducting CAR:
A comprehensive collaboration between teachers and their colleagues
A teacher as a researcher works collaboratively with his/her colleagues to make a better control over the class. They share opinions, reflect, and give feed back each other. By working collaboratively, they create a good cooperative educational environment to make an innovation for their class.
• Chances to learn and understand their structure of learning development
To meet the need of a learning process, a teacher will have to have good understanding of some related components like materials, media, classroom management, classroom strategies, and teaching approaches. To see the problems with these, a teacher can have an interview to his/her students who are directly involved in learning process.
• A new framework in developing their professionalism
A teacher, while researching, would find a new creative teaching approach. Begin with CAR he/she is doing in a classroom, he/she can further analyze some weaknesses he/she has in their previous approach then make an improvement to meet the need of their classroom learning process. Here, they are actually improving their professionalism as a successful teacher in controlling and managing their class.
• A new style in research
Through CAR, a teacher creates a new style in research. A teacher can always introduce a new style that may be of use to other researchers to conduct.


                                 Teaching                                             Science and Technology

                                                                    Problems

                                 Researching                                       Teaching Theory


                                                             Brings up to date
                                                           Concept of learning



                                                         Professional Teachers


While teaching, teachers solve their classroom problems through CAR by considering over taking in science and technology in learning process. Therefrom, a good useful learning theory can be made. There comes a professional teacher.

II. Characteristics of CAR
1. Solving Actual Problems
Because teachers are directly involved in learning process, they would of course be able to identify the problems they have in their learning process. Therefore, CAR is conducted in solving actual problems in their learning environment.
2. Collaborative Problem Solving
In conducting CAR, teachers are accompanied by other teachers or colleagues. They work collaboratively, share opinions, and give feedback one another. Their collaboration makes a better research. It is not teachers and their colleagues who work collaboratively but also their students. Students participate in CAR; they give response in the interview with their teachers.

III. Class in CAR
What does it mean by class in CAR?
Class, in CAR, is not limited to refer to only any enclosed room where learning process take place. But, a classroom in car can mean any environments where learning processes are held. It can be a room, a laboratory, home activities, outdoor learning activities, study tour activities and so on. Thus, CAR can be conducted to research any of the above categories.

IV. Identifying Problems
Since teachers are directly involved in a learning environment, they can easily identify something that would be a problem. Any things, related to the learning process, that might likely be an obstacle to progress, can be considered a classroom problem.
Teachers, when teaching, may find some difficulties concerning the students, teachers themselves, materials, media, class managements, learning discipline, teaching approaches, achievements and learning processes. They could find themselves asking ‘why’ or ‘how’ concerning those class components if they find any problems.
This means that a problem in class can be easily identify by asking why or how with the class components. Below are some components of class:
• Students
• Teachers
• Media
• Materials
• Class management
• Learning discipline
• Teachers’ approach
• Achievements
• Learning processes
Those components can cause problems to a successful classroom learning process. Some problems may come from students like their reluctant to speak in speaking class. A teacher may ask “why are students so reluctant to speak in speaking class?”, “do they have difficulties in understanding the materials?”, “Do I (teacher) need a different approach in teaching this materials?”
Last, CAR is an effective way to solve classroom problem in learning process. It suggests a solution through a self-reflect problem solving.

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